import copy
import datetime
import logging
import math
import operator as op
import pickle
import warnings
from unittest.mock import patch

import pytest

from pint import (
    DimensionalityError,
    OffsetUnitCalculusError,
    Quantity,
    UnitRegistry,
    get_application_registry,
)
from pint.compat import np
from pint.facets.plain.unit import UnitsContainer
from pint.testsuite import QuantityTestCase, assert_no_warnings, helpers


class FakeWrapper:
    # Used in test_upcast_type_rejection_on_creation
    def __init__(self, q):
        self.q = q


# TODO: do not subclass from QuantityTestCase
class TestQuantity(QuantityTestCase):
    kwargs = dict(autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit=False)

    def test_quantity_creation(self, caplog):
        for args in (
            (4.2, "meter"),
            (4.2, UnitsContainer(meter=1)),
            (4.2, self.ureg.meter),
            ("4.2*meter",),
            ("4.2/meter**(-1)",),
            (self.Q_(4.2, "meter"),),
        ):
            x = self.Q_(*args)
            assert x.magnitude == 4.2
            assert x.units == UnitsContainer(meter=1)

        x = self.Q_(4.2, UnitsContainer(length=1))
        y = self.Q_(x)
        assert x.magnitude == y.magnitude
        assert x.units == y.units
        assert x is not y

        x = self.Q_(4.2, None)
        assert x.magnitude == 4.2
        assert x.units == UnitsContainer()

        with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG):
            assert 4.2 * self.ureg.meter == self.Q_(4.2, 2 * self.ureg.meter)
        assert len(caplog.records) == 1

    def test_quantity_with_quantity(self):
        x = self.Q_(4.2, "m")
        assert self.Q_(x, "m").magnitude == 4.2
        assert self.Q_(x, "cm").magnitude == 420.0

    def test_quantity_bool(self):
        assert self.Q_(1, None)
        assert self.Q_(1, "meter")
        assert not self.Q_(0, None)
        assert not self.Q_(0, "meter")
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            bool(self.Q_(0, "degC"))
        assert not self.Q_(0, "delta_degC")

    def test_quantity_comparison(self):
        x = self.Q_(4.2, "meter")
        y = self.Q_(4.2, "meter")
        z = self.Q_(5, "meter")
        j = self.Q_(5, "meter*meter")

        # Include a comparison to the application registry
        k = 5 * get_application_registry().meter
        m = Quantity(5, "meter")  # Include a comparison to a directly created Quantity

        # identity for single object
        assert x == x
        assert not (x != x)

        # identity for multiple objects with same value
        assert x == y
        assert not (x != y)

        assert x <= y
        assert x >= y
        assert not (x < y)
        assert not (x > y)

        assert not (x == z)
        assert x != z
        assert x < z

        # Compare with items to the separate application registry
        assert k >= m  # These should both be from application registry
        if z._REGISTRY != m._REGISTRY:
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                z > m  # One from local registry, one from application registry

        assert z != j

        assert z != j
        assert self.Q_(0, "meter") == self.Q_(0, "centimeter")
        assert self.Q_(0, "meter") != self.Q_(0, "second")

        assert self.Q_(10, "meter") < self.Q_(5, "kilometer")

    def test_quantity_comparison_convert(self):
        assert self.Q_(1000, "millimeter") == self.Q_(1, "meter")
        assert self.Q_(1000, "millimeter/min") == self.Q_(1000 / 60, "millimeter/s")

    def test_quantity_repr(self):
        x = self.Q_(4.2, UnitsContainer(meter=1))
        assert str(x) == "4.2 meter"
        assert repr(x) == "<Quantity(4.2, 'meter')>"

    def test_quantity_hash(self):
        x = self.Q_(4.2, "meter")
        x2 = self.Q_(4200, "millimeter")
        y = self.Q_(2, "second")
        z = self.Q_(0.5, "hertz")
        assert hash(x) == hash(x2)

        # Dimensionless equality
        assert hash(y * z) == hash(1.0)

        # Dimensionless equality from a different unit registry
        ureg2 = UnitRegistry(**self.kwargs)
        y2 = ureg2.Quantity(2, "second")
        z2 = ureg2.Quantity(0.5, "hertz")
        assert hash(y * z) == hash(y2 * z2)

    def test_quantity_format(self, subtests):
        x = self.Q_(4.12345678, UnitsContainer(meter=2, kilogram=1, second=-1))
        for spec, result in (
            ("{}", str(x)),
            ("{!s}", str(x)),
            ("{!r}", repr(x)),
            ("{.magnitude}", str(x.magnitude)),
            ("{.units}", str(x.units)),
            ("{.magnitude!s}", str(x.magnitude)),
            ("{.units!s}", str(x.units)),
            ("{.magnitude!r}", repr(x.magnitude)),
            ("{.units!r}", repr(x.units)),
            ("{:.4f}", f"{x.magnitude:.4f} {x.units!s}"),
            (
                "{:L}",
                r"4.12345678\ \frac{\mathrm{kilogram} \cdot \mathrm{meter}^{2}}{\mathrm{second}}",
            ),
            ("{:P}", "4.12345678 kilogram·meter²/second"),
            ("{:H}", "4.12345678 kilogram meter<sup>2</sup>/second"),
            ("{:C}", "4.12345678 kilogram*meter**2/second"),
            ("{:~}", "4.12345678 kg * m ** 2 / s"),
            (
                "{:L~}",
                r"4.12345678\ \frac{\mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}}{\mathrm{s}}",
            ),
            ("{:P~}", "4.12345678 kg·m²/s"),
            ("{:H~}", "4.12345678 kg m<sup>2</sup>/s"),
            ("{:C~}", "4.12345678 kg*m**2/s"),
            ("{:Lx}", r"\SI[]{4.12345678}{\kilo\gram\meter\squared\per\second}"),
        ):
            with subtests.test(spec):
                assert spec.format(x) == result

        # Check the special case that prevents e.g. '3 1 / second'
        x = self.Q_(3, UnitsContainer(second=-1))
        assert f"{x}" == "3 / second"

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_quantity_array_format(self, subtests):
        x = self.Q_(
            np.array([1e-16, 1.0000001, 10000000.0, 1e12, np.nan, np.inf]),
            "kg * m ** 2",
        )
        for spec, result in (
            ("{}", str(x)),
            ("{.magnitude}", str(x.magnitude)),
            (
                "{:e}",
                "[1.000000e-16 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+07 1.000000e+12 nan inf] kilogram * meter ** 2",
            ),
            (
                "{:E}",
                "[1.000000E-16 1.000000E+00 1.000000E+07 1.000000E+12 NAN INF] kilogram * meter ** 2",
            ),
            (
                "{:.2f}",
                "[0.00 1.00 10000000.00 1000000000000.00 nan inf] kilogram * meter ** 2",
            ),
            ("{:.2f~P}", "[0.00 1.00 10000000.00 1000000000000.00 nan inf] kg·m²"),
            ("{:g~P}", "[1e-16 1 1e+07 1e+12 nan inf] kg·m²"),
            (
                "{:.2f~H}",
                (
                    "<table><tbody><tr><th>Magnitude</th><td style='text-align:left;'>"
                    "<pre>[0.00 1.00 10000000.00 1000000000000.00 nan inf]</pre></td></tr>"
                    "<tr><th>Units</th><td style='text-align:left;'>kg m<sup>2</sup></td></tr>"
                    "</tbody></table>"
                ),
            ),
        ):
            with subtests.test(spec):
                assert spec.format(x) == result

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_quantity_array_scalar_format(self, subtests):
        x = self.Q_(np.array(4.12345678), "kg * m ** 2")
        for spec, result in (
            ("{:.2f}", "4.12 kilogram * meter ** 2"),
            ("{:.2fH}", "4.12 kilogram meter<sup>2</sup>"),
        ):
            with subtests.test(spec):
                assert spec.format(x) == result

    def test_format_compact(self):
        q1 = (200e-9 * self.ureg.s).to_compact()
        q1b = self.Q_(200.0, "nanosecond")
        assert round(abs(q1.magnitude - q1b.magnitude), 7) == 0
        assert q1.units == q1b.units

        q2 = (1e-2 * self.ureg("kg m/s^2")).to_compact("N")
        q2b = self.Q_(10.0, "millinewton")
        assert q2.magnitude == q2b.magnitude
        assert q2.units == q2b.units

        q3 = (-1000.0 * self.ureg("meters")).to_compact()
        q3b = self.Q_(-1.0, "kilometer")
        assert q3.magnitude == q3b.magnitude
        assert q3.units == q3b.units

        assert f"{q1:#.1f}" == f"{q1b}"
        assert f"{q2:#.1f}" == f"{q2b}"
        assert f"{q3:#.1f}" == f"{q3b}"

    def test_default_formatting(self, subtests):
        ureg = UnitRegistry()
        x = ureg.Quantity(4.12345678, UnitsContainer(meter=2, kilogram=1, second=-1))
        for spec, result in (
            (
                "L",
                r"4.12345678\ \frac{\mathrm{kilogram} \cdot \mathrm{meter}^{2}}{\mathrm{second}}",
            ),
            ("P", "4.12345678 kilogram·meter²/second"),
            ("H", "4.12345678 kilogram meter<sup>2</sup>/second"),
            ("C", "4.12345678 kilogram*meter**2/second"),
            ("~", "4.12345678 kg * m ** 2 / s"),
            ("L~", r"4.12345678\ \frac{\mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}}{\mathrm{s}}"),
            ("P~", "4.12345678 kg·m²/s"),
            ("H~", "4.12345678 kg m<sup>2</sup>/s"),
            ("C~", "4.12345678 kg*m**2/s"),
        ):
            with subtests.test(spec):
                ureg.default_format = spec
                assert f"{x}" == result

    def test_formatting_override_default_units(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry()
        ureg.default_format = "~"
        x = ureg.Quantity(4, "m ** 2")

        assert f"{x:dP}" == "4 meter²"
        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
            assert f"{x:d}" == "4 meter ** 2"

        ureg.separate_format_defaults = True
        with assert_no_warnings():
            assert f"{x:d}" == "4 m ** 2"

    def test_formatting_override_default_magnitude(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry()
        ureg.default_format = ".2f"
        x = ureg.Quantity(4, "m ** 2")

        assert f"{x:dP}" == "4 meter²"
        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
            assert f"{x:D}" == "4 meter ** 2"

        ureg.separate_format_defaults = True
        with assert_no_warnings():
            assert f"{x:D}" == "4.00 meter ** 2"

    def test_exponent_formatting(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry()
        x = ureg.Quantity(1e20, "meter")
        assert f"{x:~H}" == r"1×10<sup>20</sup> m"
        assert f"{x:~L}" == r"1\times 10^{20}\ \mathrm{m}"
        assert f"{x:~Lx}" == r"\SI[]{1e+20}{\meter}"
        assert f"{x:~P}" == r"1×10²⁰ m"

        x /= 1e40
        assert f"{x:~H}" == r"1×10<sup>-20</sup> m"
        assert f"{x:~L}" == r"1\times 10^{-20}\ \mathrm{m}"
        assert f"{x:~Lx}" == r"\SI[]{1e-20}{\meter}"
        assert f"{x:~P}" == r"1×10⁻²⁰ m"

    def test_ipython(self):
        alltext = []

        class Pretty:
            @staticmethod
            def text(text):
                alltext.append(text)

            @classmethod
            def pretty(cls, data):
                try:
                    data._repr_pretty_(cls, False)
                except AttributeError:
                    alltext.append(str(data))

        ureg = UnitRegistry()
        x = 3.5 * ureg.Unit(UnitsContainer(meter=2, kilogram=1, second=-1))
        assert x._repr_html_() == "3.5 kilogram meter<sup>2</sup>/second"
        assert (
            x._repr_latex_() == r"$3.5\ \frac{\mathrm{kilogram} \cdot "
            r"\mathrm{meter}^{2}}{\mathrm{second}}$"
        )
        x._repr_pretty_(Pretty, False)
        assert "".join(alltext) == "3.5 kilogram·meter²/second"
        ureg.default_format = "~"
        assert x._repr_html_() == "3.5 kg m<sup>2</sup>/s"
        assert (
            x._repr_latex_() == r"$3.5\ \frac{\mathrm{kg} \cdot "
            r"\mathrm{m}^{2}}{\mathrm{s}}$"
        )
        alltext = []
        x._repr_pretty_(Pretty, False)
        assert "".join(alltext) == "3.5 kg·m²/s"

    def test_to_base_units(self):
        x = self.Q_("1*inch")
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            x.to_base_units(), self.Q_(0.0254, "meter")
        )
        x = self.Q_("1*inch*inch")
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            x.to_base_units(), self.Q_(0.0254**2.0, "meter*meter")
        )
        x = self.Q_("1*inch/minute")
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            x.to_base_units(), self.Q_(0.0254 / 60.0, "meter/second")
        )

    def test_convert(self):
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_("2 inch").to("meter"), self.Q_(2.0 * 0.0254, "meter")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_("2 meter").to("inch"), self.Q_(2.0 / 0.0254, "inch")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_("2 sidereal_year").to("second"), self.Q_(63116297.5325, "second")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_("2.54 centimeter/second").to("inch/second"),
            self.Q_("1 inch/second"),
        )
        assert round(abs(self.Q_("2.54 centimeter").to("inch").magnitude - 1), 7) == 0
        assert (
            round(abs(self.Q_("2 second").to("millisecond").magnitude - 2000), 7) == 0
        )

    @helpers.requires_mip
    def test_to_preferred(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry()
        Q_ = ureg.Quantity

        ureg.define("pound_force_per_square_foot = 47.8803 pascals = psf")
        ureg.define("pound_mass = 0.45359237 kg = lbm")

        preferred_units = [
            ureg.ft,  # distance      L
            ureg.slug,  # mass          M
            ureg.s,  # duration      T
            ureg.rankine,  # temperature   Θ
            ureg.lbf,  # force         L M T^-2
            ureg.psf,  # pressure      M L^−1 T^−2
            ureg.lbm * ureg.ft**-3,  # density       M L^-3
            ureg.W,  # power         L^2 M T^-3
        ]

        temp = (Q_("1 lbf") * Q_("1 m/s")).to_preferred(preferred_units)
        assert temp.units == ureg.W

        temp = (Q_(" 1 lbf*m")).to_preferred(preferred_units)
        # would prefer this to be repeatable, but mip doesn't guarantee that currently
        assert temp.units in (ureg.W * ureg.s, ureg.ft * ureg.lbf)

        temp = Q_("1 kg").to_preferred(preferred_units)
        assert temp.units == ureg.slug

        result = Q_("1 slug/m**3").to_preferred(preferred_units)
        assert result.units == ureg.lbm * ureg.ft**-3

        result = Q_("1 amp").to_preferred(preferred_units)
        assert result.units == ureg.amp

        result = Q_("1 volt").to_preferred(preferred_units)
        assert result.units == ureg.volts

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_convert_numpy(self):
        # Conversions with single units take a different codepath than
        # Conversions with more than one unit.
        src_dst1 = UnitsContainer(meter=1), UnitsContainer(inch=1)
        src_dst2 = UnitsContainer(meter=1, second=-1), UnitsContainer(inch=1, minute=-1)
        for src, dst in (src_dst1, src_dst2):
            a = np.ones((3, 1))
            ac = np.ones((3, 1))

            q = self.Q_(a, src)
            qac = self.Q_(ac, src).to(dst)
            r = q.to(dst)
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(qac, r)
            assert r is not q
            assert r._magnitude is not a

    def test_convert_from(self):
        x = self.Q_("2*inch")
        meter = self.ureg.meter

        # from quantity
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            meter.from_(x), self.Q_(2.0 * 0.0254, "meter")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(meter.m_from(x), 2.0 * 0.0254)

        # from unit
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            meter.from_(self.ureg.inch), self.Q_(0.0254, "meter")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(meter.m_from(self.ureg.inch), 0.0254)

        # from number
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            meter.from_(2, strict=False), self.Q_(2.0, "meter")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(meter.m_from(2, strict=False), 2.0)

        # from number (strict mode)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            meter.from_(2)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            meter.m_from(2)

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_retain_unit(self):
        # Test that methods correctly retain units and do not degrade into
        # ordinary ndarrays.  List contained in __copy_units.
        a = np.ones((3, 2))
        q = self.Q_(a, "km")
        assert q.u == q.reshape(2, 3).u
        assert q.u == q.swapaxes(0, 1).u
        assert q.u == q.mean().u
        assert q.u == np.compress((q == q[0, 0]).any(0), q).u

    def test_context_attr(self):
        assert self.ureg.meter == self.Q_(1, "meter")

    def test_both_symbol(self):
        assert self.Q_(2, "ms") == self.Q_(2, "millisecond")
        assert self.Q_(2, "cm") == self.Q_(2, "centimeter")

    def test_dimensionless_units(self):
        assert (
            round(abs(self.Q_(360, "degree").to("radian").magnitude - 2 * math.pi), 7)
            == 0
        )
        assert (
            round(abs(self.Q_(2 * math.pi, "radian") - self.Q_(360, "degree")), 7) == 0
        )
        assert self.Q_(1, "radian").dimensionality == UnitsContainer()
        assert self.Q_(1, "radian").dimensionless
        assert not self.Q_(1, "radian").unitless

        assert self.Q_(1, "meter") / self.Q_(1, "meter") == 1
        assert (self.Q_(1, "meter") / self.Q_(1, "mm")).to("") == 1000

        assert self.Q_(10) // self.Q_(360, "degree") == 1
        assert self.Q_(400, "degree") // self.Q_(2 * math.pi) == 1
        assert self.Q_(400, "degree") // (2 * math.pi) == 1
        assert 7 // self.Q_(360, "degree") == 1

    def test_offset(self):
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(0, "kelvin").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(0, "kelvin")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(0, "degC").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(273.15, "kelvin")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(0, "degF").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(255.372222, "kelvin"), rtol=0.01
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "kelvin").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(100, "kelvin")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "degC").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(373.15, "kelvin")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "degF").to("kelvin"),
            self.Q_(310.92777777, "kelvin"),
            rtol=0.01,
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(0, "kelvin").to("degC"), self.Q_(-273.15, "degC")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "kelvin").to("degC"), self.Q_(-173.15, "degC")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(0, "kelvin").to("degF"), self.Q_(-459.67, "degF"), rtol=0.01
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "kelvin").to("degF"), self.Q_(-279.67, "degF"), rtol=0.01
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(32, "degF").to("degC"), self.Q_(0, "degC"), atol=0.01
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "degC").to("degF"), self.Q_(212, "degF"), atol=0.01
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(54, "degF").to("degC"), self.Q_(12.2222, "degC"), atol=0.01
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(12, "degC").to("degF"), self.Q_(53.6, "degF"), atol=0.01
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(12, "kelvin").to("degC"), self.Q_(-261.15, "degC"), atol=0.01
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(12, "degC").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(285.15, "kelvin"), atol=0.01
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(12, "kelvin").to("degR"), self.Q_(21.6, "degR"), atol=0.01
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(12, "degR").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(6.66666667, "kelvin"), atol=0.01
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(12, "degC").to("degR"), self.Q_(513.27, "degR"), atol=0.01
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(12, "degR").to("degC"), self.Q_(-266.483333, "degC"), atol=0.01
        )

    def test_offset_delta(self):
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(0, "delta_degC").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(0, "kelvin")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(0, "delta_degF").to("kelvin"), self.Q_(0, "kelvin"), rtol=0.01
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "kelvin").to("delta_degC"), self.Q_(100, "delta_degC")
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "kelvin").to("delta_degF"),
            self.Q_(180, "delta_degF"),
            rtol=0.01,
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "delta_degF").to("kelvin"),
            self.Q_(55.55555556, "kelvin"),
            rtol=0.01,
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "delta_degC").to("delta_degF"),
            self.Q_(180, "delta_degF"),
            rtol=0.01,
        )
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(100, "delta_degF").to("delta_degC"),
            self.Q_(55.55555556, "delta_degC"),
            rtol=0.01,
        )

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
            self.Q_(12.3, "delta_degC").to("delta_degF"),
            self.Q_(22.14, "delta_degF"),
            rtol=0.01,
        )

    def test_pickle(self, subtests):
        for protocol in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
            for magnitude, unit in ((32, ""), (2.4, ""), (32, "m/s"), (2.4, "m/s")):
                with subtests.test(protocol=protocol, magnitude=magnitude, unit=unit):
                    q1 = self.Q_(magnitude, unit)
                    q2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(q1, protocol))
                    assert q1 == q2

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_from_sequence(self):
        u_array_ref = self.Q_([200, 1000], "g")
        u_array_ref_reversed = self.Q_([1000, 200], "g")
        u_seq = [self.Q_("200g"), self.Q_("1kg")]
        u_seq_reversed = u_seq[::-1]

        u_array = self.Q_.from_sequence(u_seq)
        assert all(u_array == u_array_ref)

        u_array_2 = self.Q_.from_sequence(u_seq_reversed)
        assert all(u_array_2 == u_array_ref_reversed)
        assert not (u_array_2.u == u_array_ref_reversed.u)

        u_array_3 = self.Q_.from_sequence(u_seq_reversed, units="g")
        assert all(u_array_3 == u_array_ref_reversed)
        assert u_array_3.u == u_array_ref_reversed.u

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            self.Q_.from_sequence([])

        u_array_5 = self.Q_.from_list(u_seq)
        assert all(u_array_5 == u_array_ref)

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_iter(self):
        # Verify that iteration gives element as Quantity with same units
        x = self.Q_([0, 1, 2, 3], "m")
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(next(iter(x)), self.Q_(0, "m"))

    def test_notiter(self):
        # Verify that iter() crashes immediately, without needing to draw any
        # element from it, if the magnitude isn't iterable
        x = self.Q_(1, "m")
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            iter(x)

    @helpers.requires_array_function_protocol()
    def test_no_longer_array_function_warning_on_creation(self):
        # Test that warning is no longer raised on first creation
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.filterwarnings("error")
            self.Q_([])

    @helpers.requires_not_numpy()
    def test_no_ndarray_coercion_without_numpy(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            self.Q_(1, "m").__array__()

    @patch(
        "pint.compat.upcast_type_names", ("pint.testsuite.test_quantity.FakeWrapper",)
    )
    @patch(
        "pint.compat.upcast_type_map",
        {"pint.testsuite.test_quantity.FakeWrapper": FakeWrapper},
    )
    def test_upcast_type_rejection_on_creation(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            self.Q_(FakeWrapper(42), "m")
        assert FakeWrapper(self.Q_(42, "m")).q == self.Q_(42, "m")

    def test_is_compatible_with(self):
        a = self.Q_(1, "kg")
        b = self.Q_(20, "g")
        c = self.Q_(550)

        assert a.is_compatible_with(b)
        assert a.is_compatible_with("lb")
        assert a.is_compatible_with(self.U_("lb"))
        assert not a.is_compatible_with("km")
        assert not a.is_compatible_with("")
        assert not a.is_compatible_with(12)

        assert c.is_compatible_with(12)

    def test_is_compatible_with_with_context(self):
        a = self.Q_(532.0, "nm")
        b = self.Q_(563.5, "terahertz")
        assert a.is_compatible_with(b, "sp")
        with self.ureg.context("sp"):
            assert a.is_compatible_with(b)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["inf_str"], [("inf",), ("-infinity",), ("INFINITY",)])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["has_unit"], [(True,), (False,)])
    def test_infinity(self, inf_str, has_unit):
        inf = float(inf_str)
        ref = self.Q_(inf, "meter" if has_unit else None)
        test = self.Q_(inf_str + (" meter" if has_unit else ""))
        assert ref == test

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["nan_str"], [("nan",), ("NAN",)])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["has_unit"], [(True,), (False,)])
    def test_nan(self, nan_str, has_unit):
        nan = float(nan_str)
        ref = self.Q_(nan, " meter" if has_unit else None)
        test = self.Q_(nan_str + (" meter" if has_unit else ""))
        assert ref.units == test.units
        assert math.isnan(test.magnitude)
        assert ref != test

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_to_reduced_units(self):
        q = self.Q_([3, 4], "s * ms")
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(
            q.to_reduced_units(), self.Q_([3000.0, 4000.0], "ms**2")
        )

        q = self.Q_(0.5, "g*t/kg")
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(q.to_reduced_units(), self.Q_(0.5, "kg"))

    def test_to_reduced_units_dimensionless(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry(preprocessors=[lambda x: x.replace("%", " percent ")])
        ureg.define("percent = 0.01 count = %")
        Q_ = ureg.Quantity
        reduced_quantity = (Q_("1 s") * Q_("5 %") / Q_("1 count")).to_reduced_units()
        assert reduced_quantity == ureg.Quantity(0.05, ureg.second)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        ("unit_str", "expected_unit"),
        [
            ("hour/hr", {}),
            ("cm centimeter cm centimeter", {"centimeter": 4}),
        ],
    )
    def test_unit_canonical_name_parsing(self, unit_str, expected_unit):
        q = self.Q_(1, unit_str)
        assert q._units == UnitsContainer(expected_unit)


# TODO: do not subclass from QuantityTestCase
class TestQuantityToCompact(QuantityTestCase):
    def assertQuantityAlmostIdentical(self, q1, q2):
        assert q1.units == q2.units
        assert round(abs(q1.magnitude - q2.magnitude), 7) == 0

    def compare_quantity_compact(self, q, expected_compact, unit=None):
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(q.to_compact(unit=unit), expected_compact)

    def test_dimensionally_simple_units(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1 * ureg.m, 1 * ureg.m)
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1e-9 * ureg.m, 1 * ureg.nm)

    def test_power_units(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        self.compare_quantity_compact(900 * ureg.m**2, 900 * ureg.m**2)
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1e7 * ureg.m**2, 10 * ureg.km**2)

    def test_inverse_units(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1 / ureg.m, 1 / ureg.m)
        self.compare_quantity_compact(100e9 / ureg.m, 100 / ureg.nm)

    def test_inverse_square_units(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1 / ureg.m**2, 1 / ureg.m**2)
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1e11 / ureg.m**2, 1e5 / ureg.mm**2)

    def test_fractional_units(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        # Typing denominator first to provoke potential error
        self.compare_quantity_compact(20e3 * ureg("hr^(-1) m"), 20 * ureg.km / ureg.hr)

    def test_fractional_exponent_units(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1 * ureg.m**0.5, 1 * ureg.m**0.5)
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1e-2 * ureg.m**0.5, 10 * ureg.um**0.5)

    def test_derived_units(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        self.compare_quantity_compact(0.5 * ureg.megabyte, 500 * ureg.kilobyte)
        self.compare_quantity_compact(1e-11 * ureg.N, 10 * ureg.pN)

    def test_unit_parameter(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        self.compare_quantity_compact(
            self.Q_(100e-9, "kg m / s^2"), 100 * ureg.nN, ureg.N
        )
        self.compare_quantity_compact(
            self.Q_(101.3e3, "kg/m/s^2"), 101.3 * ureg.kPa, ureg.Pa
        )

    def test_limits_magnitudes(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        self.compare_quantity_compact(0 * ureg.m, 0 * ureg.m)
        self.compare_quantity_compact(float("inf") * ureg.m, float("inf") * ureg.m)

    def test_nonnumeric_magnitudes(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        x = "some string" * ureg.m
        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning):
            self.compare_quantity_compact(x, x)

    def test_very_large_to_compact(self):
        # This should not raise an IndexError
        self.compare_quantity_compact(
            self.Q_(10000, "yottameter"), self.Q_(10**28, "meter").to_compact()
        )


# TODO: do not subclass from QuantityTestCase
class TestQuantityBasicMath(QuantityTestCase):
    def _test_inplace(self, operator, value1, value2, expected_result, unit=None):
        if isinstance(value1, str):
            value1 = self.Q_(value1)
        if isinstance(value2, str):
            value2 = self.Q_(value2)
        if isinstance(expected_result, str):
            expected_result = self.Q_(expected_result)

        if unit is not None:
            value1 = value1 * unit
            value2 = value2 * unit
            expected_result = expected_result * unit

        value1 = copy.copy(value1)
        value2 = copy.copy(value2)
        id1 = id(value1)
        id2 = id(value2)
        value1 = operator(value1, value2)
        value2_cpy = copy.copy(value2)
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(value1, expected_result)
        assert id1 == id(value1)
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(value2, value2_cpy)
        assert id2 == id(value2)

    def _test_not_inplace(self, operator, value1, value2, expected_result, unit=None):
        if isinstance(value1, str):
            value1 = self.Q_(value1)
        if isinstance(value2, str):
            value2 = self.Q_(value2)
        if isinstance(expected_result, str):
            expected_result = self.Q_(expected_result)

        if unit is not None:
            value1 = value1 * unit
            value2 = value2 * unit
            expected_result = expected_result * unit

        id1 = id(value1)
        id2 = id(value2)

        value1_cpy = copy.copy(value1)
        value2_cpy = copy.copy(value2)

        result = operator(value1, value2)

        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(expected_result, result)
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(value1, value1_cpy)
        helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(value2, value2_cpy)
        assert id(result) != id1
        assert id(result) != id2

    def _test_quantity_add_sub(self, unit, func):
        x = self.Q_(unit, "centimeter")
        y = self.Q_(unit, "inch")
        z = self.Q_(unit, "second")
        a = self.Q_(unit, None)

        func(op.add, x, x, self.Q_(unit + unit, "centimeter"))
        func(op.add, x, y, self.Q_(unit + 2.54 * unit, "centimeter"))
        func(op.add, y, x, self.Q_(unit + unit / (2.54 * unit), "inch"))
        func(op.add, a, unit, self.Q_(unit + unit, None))
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.add(10, x)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.add(x, 10)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.add(x, z)

        func(op.sub, x, x, self.Q_(unit - unit, "centimeter"))
        func(op.sub, x, y, self.Q_(unit - 2.54 * unit, "centimeter"))
        func(op.sub, y, x, self.Q_(unit - unit / (2.54 * unit), "inch"))
        func(op.sub, a, unit, self.Q_(unit - unit, None))
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.sub(10, x)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.sub(x, 10)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.sub(x, z)

    def _test_quantity_iadd_isub(self, unit, func):
        x = self.Q_(unit, "centimeter")
        y = self.Q_(unit, "inch")
        z = self.Q_(unit, "second")
        a = self.Q_(unit, None)

        func(op.iadd, x, x, self.Q_(unit + unit, "centimeter"))
        func(op.iadd, x, y, self.Q_(unit + 2.54 * unit, "centimeter"))
        func(op.iadd, y, x, self.Q_(unit + unit / 2.54, "inch"))
        func(op.iadd, a, unit, self.Q_(unit + unit, None))
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.iadd(10, x)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.iadd(x, 10)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.iadd(x, z)

        func(op.isub, x, x, self.Q_(unit - unit, "centimeter"))
        func(op.isub, x, y, self.Q_(unit - 2.54, "centimeter"))
        func(op.isub, y, x, self.Q_(unit - unit / 2.54, "inch"))
        func(op.isub, a, unit, self.Q_(unit - unit, None))
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.sub(10, x)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.sub(x, 10)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.sub(x, z)

    def _test_quantity_mul_div(self, unit, func):
        func(op.mul, unit * 10.0, "4.2*meter", "42*meter", unit)
        func(op.mul, "4.2*meter", unit * 10.0, "42*meter", unit)
        func(op.mul, "4.2*meter", "10*inch", "42*meter*inch", unit)
        func(op.truediv, unit * 42, "4.2*meter", "10/meter", unit)
        func(op.truediv, "4.2*meter", unit * 10.0, "0.42*meter", unit)
        func(op.truediv, "4.2*meter", "10*inch", "0.42*meter/inch", unit)

    def _test_quantity_imul_idiv(self, unit, func):
        # func(op.imul, 10.0, '4.2*meter', '42*meter')
        func(op.imul, "4.2*meter", 10.0, "42*meter", unit)
        func(op.imul, "4.2*meter", "10*inch", "42*meter*inch", unit)
        # func(op.truediv, 42, '4.2*meter', '10/meter')
        func(op.itruediv, "4.2*meter", unit * 10.0, "0.42*meter", unit)
        func(op.itruediv, "4.2*meter", "10*inch", "0.42*meter/inch", unit)

    def _test_quantity_floordiv(self, unit, func):
        a = self.Q_("10*meter")
        b = self.Q_("3*second")
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.floordiv(a, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.floordiv(3, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.floordiv(a, 3)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.ifloordiv(a, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.ifloordiv(3, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.ifloordiv(a, 3)
        func(op.floordiv, unit * 10.0, "4.2*meter/meter", 2, unit)
        func(op.floordiv, "10*meter", "4.2*inch", 93, unit)

    def _test_quantity_mod(self, unit, func):
        a = self.Q_("10*meter")
        b = self.Q_("3*second")
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.mod(a, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.mod(3, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.mod(a, 3)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.imod(a, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.imod(3, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            op.imod(a, 3)
        func(op.mod, unit * 10.0, "4.2*meter/meter", 1.6, unit)

    def _test_quantity_ifloordiv(self, unit, func):
        func(op.ifloordiv, 10.0, "4.2*meter/meter", 2, unit)
        func(op.ifloordiv, "10*meter", "4.2*inch", 93, unit)

    def _test_quantity_divmod_one(self, a, b):
        if isinstance(a, str):
            a = self.Q_(a)
        if isinstance(b, str):
            b = self.Q_(b)

        q, r = divmod(a, b)
        assert q == a // b
        assert r == a % b
        assert a == (q * b) + r
        assert q == math.floor(q)
        if b > (0 * b):
            assert (0 * b) <= r < b
        else:
            assert (0 * b) >= r > b
        if isinstance(a, self.Q_):
            assert r.units == a.units
        else:
            assert r.unitless
        assert q.unitless

        copy_a = copy.copy(a)
        a %= b
        assert a == r
        copy_a //= b
        assert copy_a == q

    def _test_quantity_divmod(self):
        self._test_quantity_divmod_one("10*meter", "4.2*inch")
        self._test_quantity_divmod_one("-10*meter", "4.2*inch")
        self._test_quantity_divmod_one("-10*meter", "-4.2*inch")
        self._test_quantity_divmod_one("10*meter", "-4.2*inch")

        self._test_quantity_divmod_one("400*degree", "3")
        self._test_quantity_divmod_one("4", "180 degree")
        self._test_quantity_divmod_one(4, "180 degree")
        self._test_quantity_divmod_one("20", 4)
        self._test_quantity_divmod_one("300*degree", "100 degree")

        a = self.Q_("10*meter")
        b = self.Q_("3*second")
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            divmod(a, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            divmod(3, b)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            divmod(a, 3)

    def _test_numeric(self, unit, ifunc):
        self._test_quantity_add_sub(unit, self._test_not_inplace)
        self._test_quantity_iadd_isub(unit, ifunc)
        self._test_quantity_mul_div(unit, self._test_not_inplace)
        self._test_quantity_imul_idiv(unit, ifunc)
        self._test_quantity_floordiv(unit, self._test_not_inplace)
        self._test_quantity_mod(unit, self._test_not_inplace)
        self._test_quantity_divmod()
        # self._test_quantity_ifloordiv(unit, ifunc)

    def test_float(self):
        self._test_numeric(1.0, self._test_not_inplace)

    def test_fraction(self):
        import fractions

        self._test_numeric(fractions.Fraction(1, 1), self._test_not_inplace)

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_nparray(self):
        self._test_numeric(np.ones((1, 3)), self._test_inplace)

    def test_quantity_abs_round(self):
        x = self.Q_(-4.2, "meter")
        y = self.Q_(4.2, "meter")

        for fun in (abs, round, op.pos, op.neg):
            zx = self.Q_(fun(x.magnitude), "meter")
            zy = self.Q_(fun(y.magnitude), "meter")
            rx = fun(x)
            ry = fun(y)
            assert rx == zx, f"while testing {fun}"
            assert ry == zy, f"while testing {fun}"
            assert rx is not zx, f"while testing {fun}"
            assert ry is not zy, f"while testing {fun}"

    def test_quantity_float_complex(self):
        x = self.Q_(-4.2, None)
        y = self.Q_(4.2, None)
        z = self.Q_(1, "meter")
        for fun in (float, complex):
            assert fun(x) == fun(x.magnitude)
            assert fun(y) == fun(y.magnitude)
            with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
                fun(z)


# TODO: do not subclass from QuantityTestCase
class TestQuantityNeutralAdd(QuantityTestCase):
    """Addition to zero or NaN is allowed between a Quantity and a non-Quantity"""

    def test_bare_zero(self):
        v = self.Q_(2.0, "m")
        assert v + 0 == v
        assert v - 0 == v
        assert 0 + v == v
        assert 0 - v == -v

    def test_bare_zero_inplace(self):
        v = self.Q_(2.0, "m")
        v2 = self.Q_(2.0, "m")
        v2 += 0
        assert v2 == v
        v2 = self.Q_(2.0, "m")
        v2 -= 0
        assert v2 == v
        v2 = 0
        v2 += v
        assert v2 == v
        v2 = 0
        v2 -= v
        assert v2 == -v

    def test_bare_nan(self):
        v = self.Q_(2.0, "m")
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v + math.nan, self.Q_(math.nan, v.units))
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v - math.nan, self.Q_(math.nan, v.units))
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(math.nan + v, self.Q_(math.nan, v.units))
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(math.nan - v, self.Q_(math.nan, v.units))

    def test_bare_nan_inplace(self):
        v = self.Q_(2.0, "m")
        v2 = self.Q_(2.0, "m")
        v2 += math.nan
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v2, self.Q_(math.nan, v.units))
        v2 = self.Q_(2.0, "m")
        v2 -= math.nan
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v2, self.Q_(math.nan, v.units))
        v2 = math.nan
        v2 += v
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v2, self.Q_(math.nan, v.units))
        v2 = math.nan
        v2 -= v
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v2, self.Q_(math.nan, v.units))

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_bare_zero_or_nan_numpy(self):
        z = np.array([0.0, np.nan])
        v = self.Q_([1.0, 2.0], "m")
        e = self.Q_([1.0, np.nan], "m")
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(z + v, e)
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(z - v, -e)
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v + z, e)
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v - z, e)

        # If any element is non-zero and non-NaN, raise DimensionalityError
        nz = np.array([0.0, 1.0])
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            nz + v
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            nz - v
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            v + nz
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            v - nz

        # Mismatched shape
        z = np.array([0.0, np.nan, 0.0])
        v = self.Q_([1.0, 2.0], "m")
        for x, y in ((z, v), (v, z)):
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                x + y
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                x - y

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_bare_zero_or_nan_numpy_inplace(self):
        z = np.array([0.0, np.nan])
        v = self.Q_([1.0, 2.0], "m")
        e = self.Q_([1.0, np.nan], "m")
        v += z
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v, e)
        v = self.Q_([1.0, 2.0], "m")
        v -= z
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(v, e)
        v = self.Q_([1.0, 2.0], "m")
        z = np.array([0.0, np.nan])
        z += v
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(z, e)
        v = self.Q_([1.0, 2.0], "m")
        z = np.array([0.0, np.nan])
        z -= v
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(z, -e)


# TODO: do not subclass from QuantityTestCase
class TestDimensions(QuantityTestCase):
    def test_get_dimensionality(self):
        get = self.ureg.get_dimensionality
        assert get("[time]") == UnitsContainer({"[time]": 1})
        assert get(UnitsContainer({"[time]": 1})) == UnitsContainer({"[time]": 1})
        assert get("seconds") == UnitsContainer({"[time]": 1})
        assert get(UnitsContainer({"seconds": 1})) == UnitsContainer({"[time]": 1})
        assert get("[velocity]") == UnitsContainer({"[length]": 1, "[time]": -1})
        assert get("[acceleration]") == UnitsContainer({"[length]": 1, "[time]": -2})

    def test_dimensionality(self):
        x = self.Q_(42, "centimeter")
        x.to_base_units()
        x = self.Q_(42, "meter*second")
        assert x.dimensionality == UnitsContainer({"[length]": 1.0, "[time]": 1.0})
        x = self.Q_(42, "meter*second*second")
        assert x.dimensionality == UnitsContainer({"[length]": 1.0, "[time]": 2.0})
        x = self.Q_(42, "inch*second*second")
        assert x.dimensionality == UnitsContainer({"[length]": 1.0, "[time]": 2.0})
        assert self.Q_(42, None).dimensionless
        assert not self.Q_(42, "meter").dimensionless
        assert (self.Q_(42, "meter") / self.Q_(1, "meter")).dimensionless
        assert not (self.Q_(42, "meter") / self.Q_(1, "second")).dimensionless
        assert (self.Q_(42, "meter") / self.Q_(1, "inch")).dimensionless

    def test_inclusion(self):
        dim = self.Q_(42, "meter").dimensionality
        assert "[length]" in dim
        assert "[time]" not in dim
        dim = (self.Q_(42, "meter") / self.Q_(11, "second")).dimensionality
        assert "[length]" in dim
        assert "[time]" in dim
        dim = self.Q_(20.785, "J/(mol)").dimensionality
        for dimension in ("[length]", "[mass]", "[substance]", "[time]"):
            assert dimension in dim
        assert "[angle]" not in dim


class TestQuantityWithDefaultRegistry(TestQuantity):
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        from pint import _DEFAULT_REGISTRY

        cls.ureg = _DEFAULT_REGISTRY
        cls.U_ = cls.ureg.Unit
        cls.Q_ = cls.ureg.Quantity


class TestDimensionsWithDefaultRegistry(TestDimensions):
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        from pint import _DEFAULT_REGISTRY

        cls.ureg = _DEFAULT_REGISTRY
        cls.Q_ = cls.ureg.Quantity


# TODO: do not subclass from QuantityTestCase
class TestOffsetUnitMath(QuantityTestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        super().setup_class()
        cls.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        cls.ureg.default_as_delta = True

    additions = [
        # --- input tuple -------------------- | -- expected result --
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "kelvin")), (110, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degR")), (105.56, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "delta_degC")), (110, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "delta_degF")), (105.56, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "kelvin")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degR")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), (110, "degC")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), (105.56, "degC")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "kelvin")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degR")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), (118, "degF")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), (110, "degF")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "kelvin")), (118, "degR")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degR")), (110, "degR")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "delta_degC")), (118, "degR")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "delta_degF")), (110, "degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "kelvin")), (110, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degC")), (110, "degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degF")), (190, "degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degR")), (190, "degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), (110, "delta_degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), (105.56, "delta_degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "kelvin")), (65.56, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degC")), (65.56, "degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degF")), (110, "degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degR")), (110, "degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), (118, "delta_degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), (110, "delta_degF")),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), additions)
    def test_addition(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = self.Q_(*qin1), self.Q_(*qin2)
        # update input tuple with new values to have correct values on failure
        input_tuple = q1, q2
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.add(q1, q2)
        else:
            expected = self.Q_(*expected)
            assert op.add(q1, q2).units == expected.units
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(op.add(q1, q2), expected, atol=0.01)

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), additions)
    def test_inplace_addition(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        (q1v, q1u), (q2v, q2u) = input_tuple
        # update input tuple with new values to have correct values on failure
        input_tuple = (
            (np.array([q1v] * 2, dtype=float), q1u),
            (np.array([q2v] * 2, dtype=float), q2u),
        )
        Q_ = self.Q_
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = Q_(*qin1), Q_(*qin2)
        q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.iadd(q1_cp, q2)
        else:
            expected = np.array([expected[0]] * 2, dtype=float), expected[1]
            assert op.iadd(q1_cp, q2).units == Q_(*expected).units
            q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
                op.iadd(q1_cp, q2), Q_(*expected), atol=0.01
            )

    subtractions = [
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "kelvin")), (90, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degC")), (-183.15, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degF")), (-160.93, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degR")), (94.44, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "delta_degC")), (90, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "delta_degF")), (94.44, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "kelvin")), (363.15, "delta_degC")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degC")), (90, "delta_degC")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degF")), (112.22, "delta_degC")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degR")), (367.59, "delta_degC")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), (90, "degC")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), (94.44, "degC")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "kelvin")), (541.67, "delta_degF")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degC")), (50, "delta_degF")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degF")), (90, "delta_degF")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degR")), (549.67, "delta_degF")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), (82, "degF")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), (90, "degF")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "kelvin")), (82, "degR")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degC")), (-409.67, "degR")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degF")), (-369.67, "degR")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degR")), (90, "degR")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "delta_degC")), (82, "degR")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "delta_degF")), (90, "degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "kelvin")), (90, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degC")), (90, "degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degF")), (170, "degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degR")), (170, "degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), (90, "delta_degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), (94.44, "delta_degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "kelvin")), (45.56, "kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degC")), (45.56, "degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degF")), (90, "degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degR")), (90, "degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), (82, "delta_degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), (90, "delta_degF")),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), subtractions)
    def test_subtraction(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = self.Q_(*qin1), self.Q_(*qin2)
        input_tuple = q1, q2
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.sub(q1, q2)
        else:
            expected = self.Q_(*expected)
            assert op.sub(q1, q2).units == expected.units
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(op.sub(q1, q2), expected, atol=0.01)

    #    @pytest.mark.xfail
    @helpers.requires_numpy
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), subtractions)
    def test_inplace_subtraction(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        (q1v, q1u), (q2v, q2u) = input_tuple
        # update input tuple with new values to have correct values on failure
        input_tuple = (
            (np.array([q1v] * 2, dtype=float), q1u),
            (np.array([q2v] * 2, dtype=float), q2u),
        )
        Q_ = self.Q_
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = Q_(*qin1), Q_(*qin2)
        q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.isub(q1_cp, q2)
        else:
            expected = np.array([expected[0]] * 2, dtype=float), expected[1]
            assert op.isub(q1_cp, q2).units == Q_(*expected).units
            q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
                op.isub(q1_cp, q2), Q_(*expected), atol=0.01
            )

    multiplications = [
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "kelvin")), (1000, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degR")), (1000, "kelvin*degR")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "delta_degC")), (1000, "kelvin*delta_degC")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "delta_degF")), (1000, "kelvin*delta_degF")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "kelvin")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degR")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "kelvin")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degR")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "kelvin")), (1000, "degR*kelvin")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degR")), (1000, "degR**2")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "delta_degC")), (1000, "degR*delta_degC")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "delta_degF")), (1000, "degR*delta_degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "kelvin")), (1000, "delta_degC*kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degR")), (1000, "delta_degC*degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), (1000, "delta_degC**2")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), (1000, "delta_degC*delta_degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "kelvin")), (1000, "delta_degF*kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degR")), (1000, "delta_degF*degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), (1000, "delta_degF*delta_degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), (1000, "delta_degF**2")),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), multiplications)
    def test_multiplication(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = self.Q_(*qin1), self.Q_(*qin2)
        input_tuple = q1, q2
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.mul(q1, q2)
        else:
            expected = self.Q_(*expected)
            assert op.mul(q1, q2).units == expected.units
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(op.mul(q1, q2), expected, atol=0.01)

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), multiplications)
    def test_inplace_multiplication(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        (q1v, q1u), (q2v, q2u) = input_tuple
        # update input tuple with new values to have correct values on failure
        input_tuple = (
            (np.array([q1v] * 2, dtype=float), q1u),
            (np.array([q2v] * 2, dtype=float), q2u),
        )
        Q_ = self.Q_
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = Q_(*qin1), Q_(*qin2)
        q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.imul(q1_cp, q2)
        else:
            expected = np.array([expected[0]] * 2, dtype=float), expected[1]
            assert op.imul(q1_cp, q2).units == Q_(*expected).units
            q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
                op.imul(q1_cp, q2), Q_(*expected), atol=0.01
            )

    divisions = [
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "kelvin")), (10, "")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degR")), (10, "kelvin/degR")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "delta_degC")), (10, "kelvin/delta_degC")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "delta_degF")), (10, "kelvin/delta_degF")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "kelvin")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degR")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "kelvin")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degR")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "kelvin")), (10, "degR/kelvin")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degR")), (10, "")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "delta_degC")), (10, "degR/delta_degC")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "delta_degF")), (10, "degR/delta_degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "kelvin")), (10, "delta_degC/kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degR")), (10, "delta_degC/degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), (10, "")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), (10, "delta_degC/delta_degF")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "kelvin")), (10, "delta_degF/kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degC")), "error"),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degF")), "error"),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degR")), (10, "delta_degF/degR")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), (10, "delta_degF/delta_degC")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), (10, "")),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), divisions)
    def test_truedivision(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = self.Q_(*qin1), self.Q_(*qin2)
        input_tuple = q1, q2
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.truediv(q1, q2)
        else:
            expected = self.Q_(*expected)
            assert op.truediv(q1, q2).units == expected.units
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
                op.truediv(q1, q2), expected, atol=0.01
            )

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), divisions)
    def test_inplace_truedivision(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        (q1v, q1u), (q2v, q2u) = input_tuple
        # update input tuple with new values to have correct values on failure
        input_tuple = (
            (np.array([q1v] * 2, dtype=float), q1u),
            (np.array([q2v] * 2, dtype=float), q2u),
        )
        Q_ = self.Q_
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = Q_(*qin1), Q_(*qin2)
        q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.itruediv(q1_cp, q2)
        else:
            expected = np.array([expected[0]] * 2, dtype=float), expected[1]
            assert op.itruediv(q1_cp, q2).units == Q_(*expected).units
            q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
                op.itruediv(q1_cp, q2), Q_(*expected), atol=0.01
            )

    multiplications_with_autoconvert_to_baseunit = [
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degC")), (28315.0, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "kelvin"), (10, "degF")), (26092.78, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "kelvin")), (3731.5, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degC")), (105657.42, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degF")), (97365.20, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "degR")), (3731.5, "kelvin*degR")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degC")), (3731.5, "kelvin*delta_degC")),
        (((100, "degC"), (10, "delta_degF")), (3731.5, "kelvin*delta_degF")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "kelvin")), (3109.28, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degC")), (88039.20, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degF")), (81129.69, "kelvin**2")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "degR")), (3109.28, "kelvin*degR")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degC")), (3109.28, "kelvin*delta_degC")),
        (((100, "degF"), (10, "delta_degF")), (3109.28, "kelvin*delta_degF")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degC")), (28315.0, "degR*kelvin")),
        (((100, "degR"), (10, "degF")), (26092.78, "degR*kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degC")), (28315.0, "delta_degC*kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degC"), (10, "degF")), (26092.78, "delta_degC*kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degC")), (28315.0, "delta_degF*kelvin")),
        (((100, "delta_degF"), (10, "degF")), (26092.78, "delta_degF*kelvin")),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        ("input_tuple", "expected"), multiplications_with_autoconvert_to_baseunit
    )
    def test_multiplication_with_autoconvert(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = True
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = self.Q_(*qin1), self.Q_(*qin2)
        input_tuple = q1, q2
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.mul(q1, q2)
        else:
            expected = self.Q_(*expected)
            assert op.mul(q1, q2).units == expected.units
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(op.mul(q1, q2), expected, atol=0.01)

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        ("input_tuple", "expected"), multiplications_with_autoconvert_to_baseunit
    )
    def test_inplace_multiplication_with_autoconvert(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = True
        (q1v, q1u), (q2v, q2u) = input_tuple
        # update input tuple with new values to have correct values on failure
        input_tuple = (
            (np.array([q1v] * 2, dtype=float), q1u),
            (np.array([q2v] * 2, dtype=float), q2u),
        )
        Q_ = self.Q_
        qin1, qin2 = input_tuple
        q1, q2 = Q_(*qin1), Q_(*qin2)
        q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.imul(q1_cp, q2)
        else:
            expected = np.array([expected[0]] * 2, dtype=float), expected[1]
            assert op.imul(q1_cp, q2).units == Q_(*expected).units
            q1_cp = copy.copy(q1)
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(
                op.imul(q1_cp, q2), Q_(*expected), atol=0.01
            )

    multiplications_with_scalar = [
        (((10, "kelvin"), 2), (20.0, "kelvin")),
        (((10, "kelvin**2"), 2), (20.0, "kelvin**2")),
        (((10, "degC"), 2), (20.0, "degC")),
        (((10, "1/degC"), 2), "error"),
        (((10, "degC**0.5"), 2), "error"),
        (((10, "degC**2"), 2), "error"),
        (((10, "degC**-2"), 2), "error"),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), multiplications_with_scalar)
    def test_multiplication_with_scalar(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.default_as_delta = False
        in1, in2 = input_tuple
        if type(in1) is tuple:
            in1, in2 = self.Q_(*in1), in2
        else:
            in1, in2 = in1, self.Q_(*in2)
        input_tuple = in1, in2  # update input_tuple for better tracebacks
        if expected == "error":
            with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                op.mul(in1, in2)
        else:
            expected = self.Q_(*expected)
            assert op.mul(in1, in2).units == expected.units
            helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(op.mul(in1, in2), expected, atol=0.01)

    divisions_with_scalar = [  # without / with autoconvert to plain unit
        (((10, "kelvin"), 2), [(5.0, "kelvin"), (5.0, "kelvin")]),
        (((10, "kelvin**2"), 2), [(5.0, "kelvin**2"), (5.0, "kelvin**2")]),
        (((10, "degC"), 2), ["error", "error"]),
        (((10, "degC**2"), 2), ["error", "error"]),
        (((10, "degC**-2"), 2), ["error", "error"]),
        ((2, (10, "kelvin")), [(0.2, "1/kelvin"), (0.2, "1/kelvin")]),
        ((2, (10, "degC")), ["error", (2 / 283.15, "1/kelvin")]),
        ((2, (10, "degC**2")), ["error", "error"]),
        ((2, (10, "degC**-2")), ["error", "error"]),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), divisions_with_scalar)
    def test_division_with_scalar(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.default_as_delta = False
        in1, in2 = input_tuple
        if type(in1) is tuple:
            in1, in2 = self.Q_(*in1), in2
        else:
            in1, in2 = in1, self.Q_(*in2)
        input_tuple = in1, in2  # update input_tuple for better tracebacks
        expected_copy = expected.copy()
        for i, mode in enumerate([False, True]):
            self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = mode
            if expected_copy[i] == "error":
                with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
                    op.truediv(in1, in2)
            else:
                expected = self.Q_(*expected_copy[i])
                assert op.truediv(in1, in2).units == expected.units
                helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(op.truediv(in1, in2), expected)

    exponentiation = [  # results without / with autoconvert
        (((10, "degC"), 1), [(10, "degC"), (10, "degC")]),
        (((10, "degC"), 0.5), ["error", (283.15**0.5, "kelvin**0.5")]),
        (((10, "degC"), 0), [(1.0, ""), (1.0, "")]),
        (((10, "degC"), -1), ["error", (1 / (10 + 273.15), "kelvin**-1")]),
        (((10, "degC"), -2), ["error", (1 / (10 + 273.15) ** 2.0, "kelvin**-2")]),
        (((0, "degC"), -2), ["error", (1 / 273.15**2, "kelvin**-2")]),
        (((10, "degC"), (2, "")), ["error", (283.15**2, "kelvin**2")]),
        (((10, "degC"), (10, "degK")), ["error", "error"]),
        (((10, "kelvin"), (2, "")), [(100.0, "kelvin**2"), (100.0, "kelvin**2")]),
        ((2, (2, "kelvin")), ["error", "error"]),
        ((2, (500.0, "millikelvin/kelvin")), [2**0.5, 2**0.5]),
        ((2, (0.5, "kelvin/kelvin")), [2**0.5, 2**0.5]),
        (
            ((10, "degC"), (500.0, "millikelvin/kelvin")),
            ["error", (283.15**0.5, "kelvin**0.5")],
        ),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), exponentiation)
    def test_exponentiation(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.default_as_delta = False
        in1, in2 = input_tuple
        if type(in1) is type(in2) is tuple:
            in1, in2 = self.Q_(*in1), self.Q_(*in2)
        elif type(in1) is not tuple and type(in2) is tuple:
            in2 = self.Q_(*in2)
        else:
            in1 = self.Q_(*in1)
        input_tuple = in1, in2
        expected_copy = expected.copy()
        for i, mode in enumerate([False, True]):
            self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = mode
            if expected_copy[i] == "error":
                with pytest.raises((OffsetUnitCalculusError, DimensionalityError)):
                    op.pow(in1, in2)
            else:
                if type(expected_copy[i]) is tuple:
                    expected = self.Q_(*expected_copy[i])
                    assert op.pow(in1, in2).units == expected.units
                else:
                    expected = expected_copy[i]
                helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(op.pow(in1, in2), expected)

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_exponentiation_force_ndarray(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry(force_ndarray_like=True)
        q = ureg.Quantity(1, "1 / hours")

        q1 = q**2
        assert all(isinstance(v, int) for v in q1._units.values())

        q2 = q.copy()
        q2 **= 2
        assert all(isinstance(v, int) for v in q2._units.values())

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("input_tuple", "expected"), exponentiation)
    def test_inplace_exponentiation(self, input_tuple, expected):
        self.ureg.default_as_delta = False
        in1, in2 = input_tuple
        if type(in1) is type(in2) is tuple:
            (q1v, q1u), (q2v, q2u) = in1, in2
            in1 = self.Q_(*(np.array([q1v] * 2, dtype=float), q1u))
            in2 = self.Q_(q2v, q2u)
        elif type(in1) is not tuple and type(in2) is tuple:
            in2 = self.Q_(*in2)
        else:
            in1 = self.Q_(*in1)

        input_tuple = in1, in2

        expected_copy = expected.copy()
        for i, mode in enumerate([False, True]):
            self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = mode
            in1_cp = copy.copy(in1)
            if expected_copy[i] == "error":
                with pytest.raises((OffsetUnitCalculusError, DimensionalityError)):
                    op.ipow(in1_cp, in2)
            else:
                if type(expected_copy[i]) is tuple:
                    expected = self.Q_(
                        np.array([expected_copy[i][0]] * 2, dtype=float),
                        expected_copy[i][1],
                    )
                    assert op.ipow(in1_cp, in2).units == expected.units
                else:
                    expected = np.array([expected_copy[i]] * 2, dtype=float)

                in1_cp = copy.copy(in1)
                helpers.assert_quantity_almost_equal(op.ipow(in1_cp, in2), expected)

    # matmul is only a ufunc since 1.16
    @helpers.requires_numpy_at_least("1.16")
    def test_matmul_with_numpy(self):
        A = [[1, 2], [3, 4]] * self.ureg.m
        B = np.array([[0, -1], [-1, 0]])
        b = [[1], [0]] * self.ureg.m
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(A @ B, [[-2, -1], [-4, -3]] * self.ureg.m)
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(A @ b, [[1], [3]] * self.ureg.m**2)
        helpers.assert_quantity_equal(B @ b, [[0], [-1]] * self.ureg.m)


class TestDimensionReduction:
    def _calc_mass(self, ureg):
        density = 3 * ureg.g / ureg.L
        volume = 32 * ureg.milliliter
        return density * volume

    def _icalc_mass(self, ureg):
        res = ureg.Quantity(3.0, "gram/liter")
        res *= ureg.Quantity(32.0, "milliliter")
        return res

    def test_mul_and_div_reduction(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry(auto_reduce_dimensions=True)
        mass = self._calc_mass(ureg)
        assert mass.units == ureg.g
        ureg = UnitRegistry(auto_reduce_dimensions=False)
        mass = self._calc_mass(ureg)
        assert mass.units == ureg.g / ureg.L * ureg.milliliter

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_imul_and_div_reduction(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry(auto_reduce_dimensions=True, force_ndarray=True)
        mass = self._icalc_mass(ureg)
        assert mass.units == ureg.g
        ureg = UnitRegistry(auto_reduce_dimensions=False, force_ndarray=True)
        mass = self._icalc_mass(ureg)
        assert mass.units == ureg.g / ureg.L * ureg.milliliter

    def test_reduction_to_dimensionless(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry(auto_reduce_dimensions=True)
        x = (10 * ureg.feet) / (3 * ureg.inches)
        assert x.units == UnitsContainer({})
        ureg = UnitRegistry(auto_reduce_dimensions=False)
        x = (10 * ureg.feet) / (3 * ureg.inches)
        assert x.units == ureg.feet / ureg.inches

    def test_nocoerce_creation(self):
        ureg = UnitRegistry(auto_reduce_dimensions=True)
        x = 1 * ureg.foot
        assert x.units == ureg.foot


# TODO: do not subclass from QuantityTestCase
class TestTimedelta(QuantityTestCase):
    def test_add_sub(self):
        d = datetime.datetime(year=1968, month=1, day=10, hour=3, minute=42, second=24)
        after = d + 3 * self.ureg.second
        assert d + datetime.timedelta(seconds=3) == after
        after = 3 * self.ureg.second + d
        assert d + datetime.timedelta(seconds=3) == after
        after = d - 3 * self.ureg.second
        assert d - datetime.timedelta(seconds=3) == after
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            3 * self.ureg.second - d

    def test_iadd_isub(self):
        d = datetime.datetime(year=1968, month=1, day=10, hour=3, minute=42, second=24)
        after = copy.copy(d)
        after += 3 * self.ureg.second
        assert d + datetime.timedelta(seconds=3) == after
        after = 3 * self.ureg.second
        after += d
        assert d + datetime.timedelta(seconds=3) == after
        after = copy.copy(d)
        after -= 3 * self.ureg.second
        assert d - datetime.timedelta(seconds=3) == after
        after = 3 * self.ureg.second
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            after -= d


# TODO: do not subclass from QuantityTestCase
class TestCompareNeutral(QuantityTestCase):
    """Test comparisons against non-Quantity zero or NaN values for for
    non-dimensionless quantities
    """

    def test_equal_zero(self):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        assert self.Q_(0, "J") == 0
        assert not (self.Q_(0, "J") == self.Q_(0, ""))
        assert not (self.Q_(5, "J") == 0)

    def test_equal_nan(self):
        # nan == nan returns False
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        assert not (self.Q_(math.nan, "J") == 0)
        assert not (self.Q_(math.nan, "J") == math.nan)
        assert not (self.Q_(math.nan, "J") == self.Q_(math.nan, ""))
        assert not (self.Q_(5, "J") == math.nan)

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_equal_zero_nan_NP(self):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        aeq = np.testing.assert_array_equal
        aeq(self.Q_(0, "J") == np.array([0, np.nan]), np.array([True, False]))
        aeq(self.Q_(5, "J") == np.array([0, np.nan]), np.array([False, False]))
        aeq(
            self.Q_([0, 1, 2], "J") == np.array([0, 0, np.nan]),
            np.asarray([True, False, False]),
        )
        assert not (self.Q_(np.arange(4), "J") == np.zeros(3))

    def test_offset_equal_zero(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        q0 = ureg.Quantity(-273.15, "degC")
        q1 = ureg.Quantity(0, "degC")
        q2 = ureg.Quantity(5, "degC")
        with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
            q0.__eq__(0)
        with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
            q1.__eq__(0)
        with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
            q2.__eq__(0)
        assert not (q0 == ureg.Quantity(0, ""))

    def test_offset_autoconvert_equal_zero(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = True
        q0 = ureg.Quantity(-273.15, "degC")
        q1 = ureg.Quantity(0, "degC")
        q2 = ureg.Quantity(5, "degC")
        assert q0 == 0
        assert not (q1 == 0)
        assert not (q2 == 0)
        assert not (q0 == ureg.Quantity(0, ""))

    def test_gt_zero(self):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        q0 = self.Q_(0, "J")
        q0m = self.Q_(0, "m")
        q0less = self.Q_(0, "")
        qpos = self.Q_(5, "J")
        qneg = self.Q_(-5, "J")
        assert qpos > q0
        assert qpos > 0
        assert not (qneg > 0)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            qpos > q0less
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            qpos > q0m

    def test_gt_nan(self):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        qn = self.Q_(math.nan, "J")
        qnm = self.Q_(math.nan, "m")
        qnless = self.Q_(math.nan, "")
        qpos = self.Q_(5, "J")
        assert not (qpos > qn)
        assert not (qpos > math.nan)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            qpos > qnless
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            qpos > qnm

    @helpers.requires_numpy
    def test_gt_zero_nan_NP(self):
        self.ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        qpos = self.Q_(5, "J")
        qneg = self.Q_(-5, "J")
        aeq = np.testing.assert_array_equal
        aeq(qpos > np.array([0, np.nan]), np.asarray([True, False]))
        aeq(qneg > np.array([0, np.nan]), np.asarray([False, False]))
        aeq(
            self.Q_(np.arange(-2, 3), "J") > np.array([np.nan, 0, 0, 0, np.nan]),
            np.asarray([False, False, False, True, False]),
        )
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            self.Q_(np.arange(-1, 2), "J") > np.zeros(4)

    def test_offset_gt_zero(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = False
        q0 = ureg.Quantity(-273.15, "degC")
        q1 = ureg.Quantity(0, "degC")
        q2 = ureg.Quantity(5, "degC")
        with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
            q0.__gt__(0)
        with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
            q1.__gt__(0)
        with pytest.raises(OffsetUnitCalculusError):
            q2.__gt__(0)
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            q1.__gt__(ureg.Quantity(0, ""))

    def test_offset_autoconvert_gt_zero(self):
        ureg = self.ureg
        ureg.autoconvert_offset_to_baseunit = True
        q0 = ureg.Quantity(-273.15, "degC")
        q1 = ureg.Quantity(0, "degC")
        q2 = ureg.Quantity(5, "degC")
        assert not (q0 > 0)
        assert q1 > 0
        assert q2 > 0
        with pytest.raises(DimensionalityError):
            q1.__gt__(ureg.Quantity(0, ""))
